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Identity theft in the United States was estimated to be responsible for financial losses of $24.7 billion in 2012 by a United States Department of Justice study — about double the $14 billion total of other property crimes. Analysts at Javelin Strategy & Research estimated that 1 in 3 Americans affected by a data breach ended up a victim of fraud in 2013 — up from 1 in 9 in 2010. According to their surveys, when an existing credit card is exposed and then used for fraud, the average loss is $1,251. When a Social Security number is exposed and then used to open new accounts, the average loss is $2,330.〔http://www.freep.com/story/money/personal-finance/2014/12/22/identity-theft-victims-personal-information/20612747/〕 Javelin says that the number of identity theft victims jumped to 13.1 million in 2013, an increase of 500,000 from 2012 and the second highest number of victims since Javelin began conducting its annual study in 2004. Some high ranking individuals, such as Robert Mueller former Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Ben Bernanke former chairman of the Federal Reserve and Keith Alexander, a retired four-star general of the United States Army who served as Director of the National Security Agency, Chief of the Central Security Service and Commander of the United States Cyber Command have been victims of identity theft. Identity theft is blamed for $4 billion of fraudulent tax refunds by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and 770,000 taxpayers have been the victims of tax identity theft by 2013.〔http://www.irs.gov/uac/Newsroom/IRS-Combats-Identity-Theft-and-Refund-Fraud-on-Many-Fronts〕 ==History== The Identity Theft Resource Center said there were 662 data breaches in the United States in 2010, almost a 33 percent increase from the previous year.〔http://www.nbcnews.com/id/40929975/ns/technology_and_science-security/t/id-theft-data-breaches-jumped-percent/〕 On May 5, 2011, Michaels, a craft store chain, sent an email alert to its customers revealing that its debit card terminals in 20 states had been compromised. Customers who made PIN-based purchases between February 8 and May 6, 2011 may have had their data exposed. A class action lawsuit was filed against Michaels in the County Court of Passaic, New Jersey over the incident. On January 25, 2014, Michaels warned of a possible second hacking of its customers' data and urged shoppers to keep an eye on their card statements for fraudulent activity.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.newsmax.com/Companies/michaels-hacking-card-breach/2014/01/25/id/549011 )〕 On April 17, 2014, Michaels confirmed a security breach at some of Michaels' stores and subsidiary Aaron Brothers from May 8, 2013 to February 27, 2014.〔http://www.michigan.gov/ag/0,4534,7-164-17337-320164--,00.html〕 Between July and September 2011, a $13 million scam resulted in the arrest of 111 people. The scammers used skimming devices to swipe consumer credit card information at retail or food establishments. According to the Federal Trade Commission losses from identity theft in the United States cost about $1.52 billion in 2011. It is estimated that the IRS gave identity thieves $5 billion in refunds. In 2012, about 40 million sets of payment card information were compromised by a hack of Adobe Systems.〔Skimming Off the Top; Why America has such a hiugh rate of payment-card fraud, 15 February 2014, The Economist〕 On February 15, 2013, Rep. Debbie Wasserman Schultz (D, FL-23) introduced the Stopping Tax Offenders and Prosecuting Identity Theft Act of 2013 (H.R. 744; 113th Congress) into the United States House of Representatives.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=https://beta.congress.gov/bill/113th-congress/house-bill/744/all-actions )〕 The bill would increase the penalties on identity thieves in the United States and change the definition of identity theft to include businesses and organizations instead of just individuals. Large U.S. corporations, such as Target Corporation, Home Depot, Neiman Marcus and Barnes & Noble, have been in the news after their credit card system was hacked. In 2014, a malware intrusion at Staples resulted in a credit card breach. 119 stores were impacted between April and September 2014, and 1.16 million customer credit and debit cards may have been stolen.〔https://krebsonsecurity.com/2014/12/staples-6-month-breach-1-16-million-cards/〕 In October 2014 President Barack Obama announced that debit cards that transmit federal benefits like Social Security to Americans will be equipped with a security chip replacing the magnetic strip. The U.S. government will also apply the security chips and personal identification numbers (PIN), to replace signatures of all government credit cards. The measure is expected to reduce fraud. ''USA Today'' reported that an estimated 100 million people having been affected by breaches in 2014. In November 2014, Sony Pictures Entertainment suffered a data breach.〔http://www.tomsguide.com/us/sony-pictures-hack-identity-theft,news-19979.html〕 On December 18, 2014 employees of Sony have filed a class action lawsuit against their employer claiming that Sony failed to take necessary actions to secure its employees personal information. The lawsuit was filed in U.S. District Court for the Central District of California .〔http://www.bigclassaction.com/lawsuit/sony-employee-data-breach-class-action-lawsuit.php%20〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Identity theft in the United States」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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